Battle of Churubusco - Mexican-American War - Winfield Scott

Battle of Churubusco - Conflict Date: The Battle of Churubusco was fought August 20, 1847, during the Mexican-American War (1846-1848). Armies Commanders United States Major General Winfield ScottMajor General William J. Worth8,497 Mexico General Manuel RinconGeneral Pedro Anaya3,800 Battle of Churubusco - Background: With the beginning of the Mexican-American War in May 1946, Brigadier General Zachary Taylor won quick victories in Texas at Palo Alto and Resaca de la Palma. Pausing to reinforce, he later invaded northern Mexico and captured the city of Monterrey. Though pleased with Taylors success, President James K. Polk was increasingly concerned about the generals political aspirations. As a result of this, and reports that an advance on Mexico City from Monterrey would be difficult, he began stripping Taylors army of men to form a new command for Major General Winfield Scott. This new army was tasked with capturing the port of Veracruz before moving inland against the Mexican capital. Polks approach nearly brought disaster when a badly outnumbered Taylor was attacked at Buena Vista in February 1847. In desperate fighting, he was able to hold off the Mexicans. Landing at Veracruz in March 1847, Scott captured the city after a twenty-day siege. Concerned about yellow fever along the coast, he quickly began marching inland and was soon confronted by a Mexican army led by General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna. Attacking the Mexicans at Cerro Gordo on April 18, he routed the enemy before advancing to capture Puebla. Resuming the campaign in early August, Scott elected to approach Mexico City from the south rather than force the enemy defenses at El Peà ±Ãƒ ³n. Rounding Lakes Chalco and Xochimilco his men arrived at San Augustin on August 18. Having anticipated an American advance from the east, Santa Anna began redeploying his army to the south and assumed a line along the Churubusco River (Map). Battle of Churubusco - Situation Before Contreras: To defend the southern approaches to the city, Santa Anna deployed troops under General Francisco Perez at Coyoacan with forces led by General Nicholas Bravo to the east at Churubusco. In the west, the Mexican right was held General Gabriel Valencias Army of the North at San Angel. Having established his new position, Santa Anna was separated from the Americans by a vast lava field known as the Pedregal. On August 18 Scott directed Major General William J. Worth to take his division along the direct road to Mexico City. Marching along the east edge of the Pedregal, the division and accompanying dragoons came under heavy fire at San Antonio, just south of Churubusco. Unable to flank the enemy due to the Pedregal to the west and water to the east, Worth elected to halt. In the west, Valencia, a political rival of Santa Anna, elected to advance his men five miles south to a position near the villages of Contreras and Padierna. Seeking to break the deadlock, Scott sent one of his engineers, Major Robert E. Lee, to find a path through the Pedregal to the west. Successful, Lee began leading American troops from Major Generals David Twiggs and Gideon Pillows divisions across the rough terrain on August 19. In the course of this movement, an artillery duel commenced with Valencia. As this continued, American troops moved unnoticed to the north and west and took positions around San Geronimo before nightfall. Battle of Churubusco - The Mexican Withdrawal: Attacking around dawn, American forces shattered Valencias command at the Battle of Contreras. Realizing that the triumph had unhinged the Mexican defenses in the area, Scott issued a series of orders following Valencias defeat. Among these were orders which countermanded earlier directives for Worths and Major General John Quitmans divisions to move west. Instead, these were ordered north towards San Antonio. Sending troops west into the Pedregal, Worth quickly outflanked the Mexican position and sent them reeling north. With his position south of the Churubusco River collapsing, Santa Anna made the decision to begin pulling back towards Mexico City. To do so, it was critical that his forces hold the bridge at Churubusco. Command of the Mexican forces at Churubusco fell to General Manuel Rincon who directed his troops to occupy fortifications near the bridge as well as the San Mateo Convent to the southwest. Among the defenders were members of the San Patricio Battalion which consisted of Irish deserters from the American army. With the two wings of his army converging on Churubusco, Scott immediately ordered Worth and Pillow to attack the bridge while Twiggs division assaulted the convent. In an uncharacteristic move, Scott had not scouted either of these positions and was unaware of their strength. While these attacks moved forward, the brigades of Brigadier Generals James Shields and Franklin Pierce were to move north over the bridge at Coyoacan before turning east for Portales. Had Scott reconnoitered Churubusco, he most likely would have sent the bulk of his men along Shields route. Battle of Churubusco - A Bloody Victory: Moving forward, the initial assaults against the bridge failed as Mexican forces held. They were aided by the timely arrival of militia reinforcements. Renewing the assault, the brigades of Brigadier Generals Newman S. Clarke and George Cadwalader finally carried the position after a determined attack. To the north, Shields successfully crossed the river before meeting a superior Mexican force at Portales. Under pressure, he was reinforced by the Mounted Rifles and a company of dragoons which were stripped from Twiggs division. With the bridge taken, American forces were able to reduce the convent. Charging forward, Captain Edmund B. Alexander led the 3rd Infantry in storming its walls. The convent quickly fell and many of the surviving San Patricios were captured. At Portales, Shields began to gain the upper hand and the enemy began to retreat as Worths division was seen advancing from bridge to the south. Battle of Churubusco - Aftermath: Uniting, the Americans mounted an ineffective pursuit of the Mexicans as they fled towards Mexico city. Their efforts were hampered by the narrow causeways which traversed swampy terrain. The fighting at Churubusco cost Scott 139 killed, 865 wounded, and 40 missing. Mexican losses numbered 263 killed, 460 wounded, 1,261 captured, and 20 missing. A disastrous day for Santa Anna, August 20 saw his forces defeated at Contreras and Churubusco and his entire defensive line south of the city shattered. In an effort to buy time to reorganize, Santa Anna requested short truce which Scott granted. It was Scotts hope that peace could be negotiated without his army having to storm the city. This truce quickly failed and Scott resumed operations in early September. These saw him win a costly victory at Molino del Rey before successfully taking Mexico City on September 13 after the Battle of Chapultepec. Selected Sources PBS: Battle of ChurubuscoSon of the South: Battle of ChurubuscoAztec Club: Battle of Churubusco - Map

Being Earnest By Oscar Wilde - 1332 Words

In the novel The Importance of Being Earnest by Oscar Wilde, Wilde quotes, â€Å"I hope [he] has not been leading a double life, pretending to be wicked and being good all the time. That would be hypocrisy.† Wilde’s quote is indirectly connected to the idea of moral ambiguity that The Scarlet Letter portrays. Nathaniel Hawthorne’s classic novel The Scarlet Letter depicts the actuality of romance, sin, and revenge rooted in the 17th century American society. Strong Puritan beliefs of the characters in The Scarlet Letter created many different forms of moral ambiguity that can be described as illustrating both good and evil. Among the characters in the Scarlet letter with such moral struggle, Dimmesdale is presented to the readers as an outwardly honorable man who is constantly clashing his desires to be honorable and his other evil ambitions. Hawthorne is able to use Dimmesdale s moral ambiguity in The Scarlet Letter to demonstrate human frailty, ultimately sugges ting that hypocrisy results indescribable guilt causing failure to reach salvation. Dimmesdale’s moral ambiguity can be seen from the beginning of the novel. He is a highly renowned minister in The Scarlet Letter who is known to be an honorable man to the public but is privately corrupted. Dimmesdale s worst sin begins at the beginning of the novel during Hester’s trial. At the trial, Dimmesdale tells Hester â€Å"to speak out the name of [her] fellow-sinner and fellow-sufferer! Be not silent from any mistaken pity andShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Being Earnest By Oscar Wilde707 Words   |  3 PagesWebsters dictionary defines earnest as â€Å"characterized by or proceeding from an intense and serious state of mind. Which can be considered a pun since thought this play we see the characters being more apathetic. 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Oscar Wilde uses comedic symbolism ofRead MoreThe Importance Of Being Earnest By Oscar Wilde975 Words   |  4 PagesThe Importance of Being Earnest is a play written by Oscar Wilde about a man named Jack who lies about his identity and ends up creating huge confusion about who he really is. The biggest notion that appears throughout the play is about character. There are many instances where the characters of the play lie about their identities and pretend to be people they are not. Oscar Wilde does this throughout the play in order to explain how one’s ide ntity can be made up. One is not born with an identity;Read MoreThe Importance Of Being Earnest By Oscar Wilde913 Words   |  4 Pagesuntil they feel insulted, mostly due to the fact that humans don’t acknowledge their lifestyle flaws until others make them known. 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Posthumously recognized for his only novel The Picture of Dorian Gray and satiric comedy The Importance of Being Earnest, Wilde initially acquired criticism for his immoral and unconventional style of writing. Additionally, to his dismay, strife followed Wilde in his personal life as he was notoriously tried and incarcerated

Fossil Fuels Vs. Solar Energy - 1972 Words

Fossil fuels have depleted greatly over the last ten years causing many to wonder what the next renewable source will be to use if fossil fuels run out. A renewable source comes from natural resources which are naturally replenished and have the ability to reproduce through biological and natural process. One of those options widely discussed is solar energy, it’s power is obtained by harnessing the energy of the sun s rays and converts light energy to generate electricity through photovoltaic or solar cells. Solar has no environmental effects and is ecologically acceptable. Solar energy is one of the few alternative renewable resources that doesn’t pollute the earth but also isn’t 100% risk free. The amount of sunlight that hits the earth in 1 minute meets the world’s energy demands for an entire year. That’s an impressive feat that even regular fossil fuels can’t compete with. Solar Energy has been around for over the past 50 years but it h as been talked about longer than that, according to Je Solar, in 1447 Leonardo Da Vinci himself predicted that there would be a solar industrialization. It doesn’t just work on sunny days too as many believe as research shows even on a cloudy day or at night. It can also be used for many other technological advancements that can help power the entire world. Solar energy also saves money and is very effective to everyday life. Solar energy can be used for many every day tools such as heating, cooking, cleaning and just regularShow MoreRelatedU.s. Should Replace Fossil Fuel With Renewable Energy994 Words   |  4 PagesProfessor Melissa Tran English 061 26754 14 November 2016 Renewable Energy The U.S. should replace fossil fuel with renewable energy. There are many reasons that the U.S. can use renewable energy to improve the economy. First of all, renewable energy can have a more stable price. 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Energy consumption is a topic that will impact the world. Greenhouse gasses are gasses that trap heat in the atmosphere, in turn, releasing carbon dioxide. This essay will discuss the common fuel sources, emissions, and total energy consumption by the United States and Brazil

Cloning Morality Essay Example For Students

Cloning Morality Essay Currently with technology advancing rapidly in every aspect of life, is it possible that humans can recreate themselves. This big ethical and moral question is on the minds of almost every person in the world. Should we as a human race make duplicates of ourselves? There are several things to look at and to consider when making decisions based on God like proportions. There are health risks from mutation of genes. An abnormal baby would be a nightmare come true. The emotional risks could have a deep impact. For instance, the child grows up knowing her mother is her sister, her grandmother is her mother. Every time her mother looks at her, she is seeing herself growing up. There would be unbearable emotional pressures on a teenager trying to establish his or her own identity. What happens to a marriage when the father sees his wifes clone grow up into the exact replica (by appearance) of the beautiful 18 year old he fell in love with 35 years ago? A sexual relationship would of course be with his wifes twin, no incest involved technically. There are always the risks of abuse of technology. With a God like technology like cloning, the risks could be less as risky as why someone would want a clone of someone else or of themselves. Reasons why people want human cloning may be rational or irrational. That is not the point. The fact is that a recent US survey conducted by CNN found that 6% of US citizens think human cloning could be quite a good idea. Just a few of the reasons people may want to clone could include bizarre ideas. A person may want to recover someone who was lost as a twin or just a reminder. Someone else may have infertility issues and rather than use donated sperm and eggs, why not use a cell of one’s own self to give birth to yourself, one’s own twin? Other reasons would include: Eugenics an attempt to improve the human race, Megalomania a desire to reproduce ones own qualities, Assisting medical research, Spare parts using a cell from one’s own body to duplicate one’s self. Take tissue like bone marrow, and then offer baby for adoption. Then the biggest reason for human cloning may just simply be out of plain old curiosity. Human cloning has always caught the public imagination. Humans now have the technology to take a few cells from a modern day Einstein, or a musical genius or a child prodigy and to create hundreds of cloned babies, which have exactly the same genes. Of course, as identical twins, clones will have individual differences, separate identities separate souls. However, studies of twins raised apart show remarkable similarities. There is more in our genes than we often realize. Just think how attractive that could be to some dictator who fancies the idea of watching him or herself growing up, or dreams of populating the world with a new race of genetically superior people. Humans will almost certainly be able to clone the dead too, from cells taken from their bodies before they die and kept alive in culture. This is a standard technique. In this way, parents could reproduce a carbon copy of a child who tragically died. For years, many scientists have been telling us that human cloning was impossible, and would never be possible. How wrong they all were. It is absurd for geneticists and embryologists to mock and stifle debate by dismissing vital issues as science fiction.† As we have seen recently, yesterdays science fiction is todays reality when it comes to genes. We can hardly keep pace with the lightning advances being made. So let us all ask, is this a morally right thing to do, to make clones of one’s self to alter the course of mankind. Are we Gods?Ethics and Morals

Juvenile and Adult Courts A Comparative Analysis free essay sample

For many years, people have believed that the Juvenile justice system was meant to serve as a way to protect the community. Juveniles who commit crimes are different from adults because many do not understand the complexity of the crime committed. In order to respond to these differences, many states have established a way to treat these adolescents through Juvenile courts and youth-based recovery systems. While most states recognize that Juveniles who commit crimes should not be treated as an dult there are still some that are skeptic that the Juvenile Justice system works. The Juvenile Justice system began In 1899, In Chicago, Illinois where the nations first juvenile system was established. In the beginning the system was informal and often times it was nothing more than a conversation between the juvenile and a judge Cuvenile Law Center, 2013). Over the years the system has changed significantly where Juvenile courts have created a probation system which provided a different method to provide Juveniles with guidance, supervision, and education. We will write a custom essay sample on Juvenile and Adult Courts: A Comparative Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page By the 1920s ll but two states had followed the suit but it was not until the 1 960s where the juvenile Justice system was given several of the same legal rights as the adult court. There are many differences between the Juvenile and adult criminal systems but they also share their similarities. While their differences vary depending on the state, the similarities can be said to be our natural born rights. One of the main similarities Is the right to an attorney (LaMance, 2013). The defendant has the choice of either choosing a public defender to represent them or to hire a paid attorney. Both courts ot only give their defendants the right to cross-examine witnesses but also the privilege against self-incrimination. The prosecution must also provide proof beyond a reasonable doubt before either of the two can be charged and convicted (LaMance, 2013). The two also share the right to receive a transcript of the proceedings and the rights to have an appellate court review the lower courts decision. One of the main differences is the overall goal for both courts. While the goal for the adult court is to punish and convict, the juvenile Justice system prefers the method of rehabilitation nd reformation, thus giving the Juvenile a chance to become a productive citizen (LaMance, 2013). unlike adults, Juveniles do not have the right to a public trial and an adjudication hearing Is required in order for the Judge to determine If the minor Is a delinquent. If considered a delinquent, the court then decides which steps should be taken where the best Interest for the Juvenile Is taken Into consideration. The Juvenile court is still more informal than that of the adult court (LaMance, 2013). An example 0T tnelr InTormall ty Is tne rule Tor aamlsslDlllty 0T evidence wnlcn Is mucn more enient in the Juvenile court. Lastly Juveniles are usually not prosecuted for the delinquent acts that he or she has committed. However depending on the severity of the crime and state laws, Juveniles can be transferred and tried in the adult system (LaMance, 2013). The adjudication process in which Juveniles are transferred to the adult system varies by state. While some states enable the transfer of certain juveniles with a waiver, depending on their age and offense criteria, other states consider the Juvenile to be an automatic adult (OJJDP National Report Series: Juvenile in Court, 2013). Although all states allow Juveniles to be tried as adults in criminal court there are a few circumstances that follow. All states except for Nebraska, New Mexico, and New York provide a Judicial waiver where the Juvenile court Judge has the authority to waive Juvenile court Jurisdiction and transfer cases to the adult court. Other states have a concurrent Jurisdiction where the original jurisdiction for certain cases is shared by both Juvenile and adult courts. The discretion under the concurrent Jurisdiction is left to the prosecutor. Statutory exclusion is the legislative method, which mandates Juvenile prosecution in adult court. Youths charged with certain crimes can be placed in the adult system automatically, thus removing any kind of decision making process from Judges or prosecutors (OJJDP National Report Series: Juvenile in Court, 2013). In recent years states have significantly expanded legislation for allowing the use of Judicial waivers. This trend has increased the number of Juveniles incarcerated throughout the United States and has expectations to rise. Having a Juvenile treated as an adult gives them the possibility of life or death sentences and incarceration in state of federal prisons which can have a tremendous impact on the life and future of a Juvenile (Find Law, 2013). Although it may be served as a deterrent to some, sending Juveniles directly to the adult criminal court gives the Juvenile the impression that there is no room for rehabilitation or second chances, thus paving the way for a life of crime for others. Since the late 1970s, critics of the Juvenile Justice courts have pursued to abolish this ystem with the assumption that this system has failed its purpose, to rehabilitate juveniles (LaMance, 2013). Abolishing Juvenile courts holds ramifications for not only juveniles but also the community. Eliminating these courts would mean that all juveniles, no matter the age or crime, would be treated as an adult. Many Jobs and careers would be lost for those who have committed their lives to making a difference in the Juvenile Justice system, Jobs such as social workers, Juvenile detention guards, and Juvenile probation officers.

Free Essays on 1984 Editorial Cartoon Essay

Editorial Cartoon Essay An innovative look ahead in the future is not as far fetched as it may seem to be. George Orwell’s 1984 deals with the author’s worrisome troubles of what he thinks is to come in the future: no individual freedom and personal privacy. Bill Abbott’s editorial cartoon shows how Orwell’s idea of the future is not too far off. The editorial cartoon shows how a person’s privacy in his workspace or personal space is intruded upon so much that he has no workspace or personal space of his own. Although Orwell’s fear of the future may seem idealistic, nevertheless, a heartless reality of which the truth about people’s privacy and individual freedom is invaded with Abbott’s cartoon. The cartoon is of a man on his phone at his desk. Then he is looking out the window where there is a huge eye looking in at him. When first looking at the cartoon the thought of big brother on the poster; â€Å"On each landing, opposite the lift shaft, the poster with the enormous face gazed from the wall. It was one of those pictures which are so contrived that the eyes follow you about when you move. BIG BROTHER IS WATCHING YOU, the caption beneath it ran† (Orwell 5), appeared in my head. In Winston’s world there are posters plastered everywhere trying to enforce the initiative that the people in his world no longer think for themselves. The people of Oceania think that a bigger, larger force controls their lives and thoughts. Little do they know that their life and actions truly rely on themselves. In Abbott’s cartoon the eye or face in the window is similar to the telescreens that are found in almost every room in Oceania. A person could turn his or her back to the screen or man in the window and one would still be seen and watched. â€Å"You had to live-did live, from habit that became instinct-in the assumption that every sound you made was overheard, and, except in darkness, every movement scrutinize... Free Essays on 1984 Editorial Cartoon Essay Free Essays on 1984 Editorial Cartoon Essay Editorial Cartoon Essay An innovative look ahead in the future is not as far fetched as it may seem to be. George Orwell’s 1984 deals with the author’s worrisome troubles of what he thinks is to come in the future: no individual freedom and personal privacy. Bill Abbott’s editorial cartoon shows how Orwell’s idea of the future is not too far off. The editorial cartoon shows how a person’s privacy in his workspace or personal space is intruded upon so much that he has no workspace or personal space of his own. Although Orwell’s fear of the future may seem idealistic, nevertheless, a heartless reality of which the truth about people’s privacy and individual freedom is invaded with Abbott’s cartoon. The cartoon is of a man on his phone at his desk. Then he is looking out the window where there is a huge eye looking in at him. When first looking at the cartoon the thought of big brother on the poster; â€Å"On each landing, opposite the lift shaft, the poster with the enormous face gazed from the wall. It was one of those pictures which are so contrived that the eyes follow you about when you move. BIG BROTHER IS WATCHING YOU, the caption beneath it ran† (Orwell 5), appeared in my head. In Winston’s world there are posters plastered everywhere trying to enforce the initiative that the people in his world no longer think for themselves. The people of Oceania think that a bigger, larger force controls their lives and thoughts. Little do they know that their life and actions truly rely on themselves. In Abbott’s cartoon the eye or face in the window is similar to the telescreens that are found in almost every room in Oceania. A person could turn his or her back to the screen or man in the window and one would still be seen and watched. â€Å"You had to live-did live, from habit that became instinct-in the assumption that every sound you made was overheard, and, except in darkness, every movement scrutinize...

Discussion post Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 9

Discussion post - Essay Example Some of the popular themes used in DSME include the Health Belief Model and Social Cognitive Theory. The author notes that for text messaging support, the Theory of Planned Behavior and the Health Belief Model were also utilized. However, a systematic review found that the theoretical model used in the DSME programs did not seem to have an effect on the outcomes (Steinbekk et al., 2012). Nevertheless, the Health Belief Model has been utilized both in DSME programs and text messaging support programs. I also agree with the second post by Victoria Ikoro on the management of metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome has become a health crisis, especially in the western industrialized countries. Some of the predisposing factors of this condition include obesity, a sedentary lifestyle, and unhealthy eating habits (De Freitas et al., 2013). Management of metabolic syndrome involves lifestyle modifications to incorporate more physical exercise and maintaining a healthy diet. One of the ways in which the researchers have successfully initiated health behavior change and education include through the use of social and cognitive behavioral theories such as the Health Belief Model, Health Behavior Change Theory and the Social Support Theory. Interventions can use single models or a combination of several. De Freitas Jr, R. W. F., de Araà ºjo, M. F. M., Marinho, N. B. P., de Vasconcelos, H. C. A., Lima, A. C. S., Pereira, D. C. R., & ... Damasceno, M. M. C (2013). Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome and its individual components in Brazilian college students.  Journal of Clinical Nursing,  22(9/10), 1291-1298. doi:10.1111/jocn.12015 Steinsbekk, A., Rygg, L., Lisulo, M., Rise, M. B., & Fretheim, A. (2012). Group based diabetes self-management education compared to routine treatment for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. A systematic review with meta-analysis. BMC health services research, 12(1),